History: Combat Medics, Afghanistan

In the United States, a report entitled "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease Modern Society (1966)", was published by National Academy Sciences and the National Research Council. Better known as "The White Paper" to emergency providers, it revealed that soldiers who were seriously wounded on the battlefields Vietnam had a better survival rate than those individuals who were seriously injured in motor vehicle accidents on California freeways. Early research attributed these differences in outcome to a number factors, including comprehensive trauma care, rapid transport to designated trauma facilities, and a new type medical corpsman, one who was trained to perform certain critical advanced medical procedures such as fluid replacement and airway management, which allowed the victim to survive the journey to definitive care.
Red Cross, Red Crescent, and MDA
The International Committee the Red Cross, a private humanitarian institution based in Switzerland, provided the first ficial symbol for medical personnel. The first Geneva convention, originally called for "Amelioration the Condition the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field," ficially adopted the red cross on a field white as the identifying emblem. This symbol was meant to signify to enemy soldiers that the medic qualifies as a noncombatant, at least while providing medical care. Islamic countries use a Red Crescent instead. During the 1876-1878 war between Russia and Turkey, the Ottoman empire declared that it would use a red crescent instead a red cross as its emblem, although it agreed to respect the red cross used by the other side. Although these symbols were ficially sponsored by the International Federation Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the Magen David Adom ("MDA"), Israel's emergency relief service, used the Magen David (a red star David on a white background). Israeli medics still wear the Magen David. To enable MDA to become a fully recognized and participating member the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, Protocol III was adopted. It is an amendment to the Geneva Conventions relating to the Adoption an Additional Distinctive Emblem and authorizes the use a new emblem, known as the third protocol emblem or the Red Crystal. For indicative use on foreign territory, any national society can incorporate its unique symbol into the Red Crystal. Under Protocol III, the MDA will continue to employ the red Magen David for domestic use, and will employ the red crystal on international relief missions.