337 Meters High Above Moscow, Russia

The official population of Moscow is taken from those holding "permanent residency." According to Russia's Federal Migration Service, Moscow also contains 1,800,000 official "guests" who have temporary residency on the basis of visas or other documentation. The number of unofficial guests, those without proper documentation, is estimated to be an additional 1,000,000 people.
Due to a low birth rate and high mortality rate, the population of Russia has declined by approximately 700,000 people per year since the fall of the Soviet Union. In 2003, the number of deaths exceeded the number of births by approximately 49,400.